Quantum computing and cybersecurity: Preparing for the future

Quantum computing represents one of the most exciting technological advancements of our time, promising to solve problems that would take our most powerful computers decades to crack. 

Quantum computing harnesses the peculiar behaviour of tiny particles (like atoms or electrons) to process information in ‌different ways than traditional computers. While your laptop or smartphone uses bits that are “on” (1) or “off” (0), quantum computers use qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously. 

These computers can explore many solutions at once, making them incredibly powerful for solving complex problems like finding new medicines or improving financial models. Another distinct feature, called entanglement, allows qubits to become connected in ways that classical bits cannot. When qubits become entangled, the state of one instantly influences the other, no matter how far apart they are.

In other words:

1. Such systems could enable ultra-secure communication where interception attempts would trigger instant detection, thus better protecting sensitive information.
2. It could mean faster and more reliable global communication, changing how we share information across vast distances.
3. Researchers can simulate complex biological processes more efficiently, speeding up drug discovery and personalised treatments.
4. Coordinate data across multiple locations instantly optimises supply chains and improves efficiency.
5. It paves the way for more secure encryption methods to protect personal and business data.

The imperative to shift to quantum-safe security

Even though commercial viability is years away, there’s rapid advancement in quantum computing, so the cybersecurity risks are immediate and require action. 

Businesses and governments should prioritise adopting quantum-resistant cryptography to safeguard sensitive data against future attacks. Cryptography, which protects everything from financial transactions to personal data, relies on algorithms that are secure against classical computers. However, quantum computers will break many of these systems quickly, exposing sensitive information. 

Quantum-resistant cryptography, or post-quantum cryptography (PQC), is being developed to withstand quantum-powered attacks. Organisations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) who are leading efforts to create new standards which offer stronger protection that can withstand quantum attacks.

Quantum computers of the future could decrypt encrypted data harvested today. Acting now is critical to prevent these “harvest-now, decrypt-later” threats.

In 2023 alone, the global average cost of a data breach was $4.45 million, with industries like healthcare and finance experiencing even higher losses. If organisations cannot transition to quantum-safe security, these costs are likely to escalate further as quantum-powered attacks emerge.

Governments and businesses are wise to follow NIST’s guidance closely and begin implementing these standards proactively. Waiting until quantum computers are widely available will leave organisations vulnerable during the transition period.

What can businesses and governments do?

To prepare for the quantum era, organisations should take the following steps:

• Thoroughly audit existing encryption protocols to identify vulnerabilities. Tools are available that help automate this process to provide visibility into encryption methods and highlighting areas requiring immediate attention.
• Begin transitioning to quantum-resistant algorithms recommended by NIST or other leading authorities. Find solutions that offer flexibility in deploying hybrid cryptographic systems, combining traditional encryption with post-quantum techniques for enhanced security.
• Raise awareness among leadership teams and stakeholders about the urgency of quantum-safe security to ensure proactive decision-making.
• Partner with governments, tech companies, and academia to share knowledge and resources for implementing quantum-safe solutions. Sapher can support roadmap development by offering tools for risk assessments, prioritisation, and tracking progress towards quantum-safe goals.

The transition may be complex, but delaying action will only increase risks—and costs—in the long run.

Preparing for the quantum era with Sapher

Alongside quantum computing benefits bringing new possibilities for solving complex problems, improving efficiency, and enhancing communication, comes a serious cybersecurity challenge. Quantum computers will eventually be capable of breaking the encryption methods that protect sensitive data today. The risks are already emerging, and organisations must act now to safeguard their systems before quantum-powered threats become reality.

Transitioning to quantum-safe security is essential for businesses and governments. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards, developed by organisations like NIST, offer a way forward, but adopting these solutions requires careful planning, as we’ve highlighted above.

Sapher is here to help your organisation prepare for the quantum era. With tools designed to identify vulnerabilities, support system integrations and guide your transition to quantum-safe security, we can help you protect your data and build true resilience against future threats.